مقال انجليزي عن التعليم

مقال انجليزي عن التعليم da5fb42b56b413d77527e2e4c3dc0607




بحث عن اهمية التعليم بالانجليزيه ،

بحث علمي كامل جاهز عن اهمية التعليم ( انجليزي )

Importance Of Education


Education is the process of learning and knowing,
which is not restricted to our school text-books.
It is a holistic process and continues through our life.
Even the regular happenings and events around us educate us,
in one or the other way.
It would not be an exaggeration to say that the existence of human beings is fruitless without education.
An educated person has the ability to change the world,
as he/she is brimming with confidence and assured of making the right moves.
The article dwells on the importance of education in our lives.
Read on to know what meaning it holds for all of us.


Significance Of Education In Our Life


Makes Better Citizens


Education makes a worthy contribution to our lives,
by making us responsible citizens.
We get to know our history and culture through education and imbibe those values.
Education opens our mind and expands our horizon.
It enables us to understand our duties as a citizen and encourages us to follow them.
There is no denying the fact that an educated person is a better citizen.


Ensures A Productive Future


Education is futuristic in character,
in so far that it ensures that the one who receives good education gets a secure future.
Our productivity is increased by acquiring new skills and talents through education.
We find ourselves in the most competitive jobs,
courtesy the right training and education.
The importance of education is evident by the dizzy heights we achieve in life.


Playing sports is one of the favorite activities of most of us.
Apart from being a fun activity,
sports offer several health benefits,
thus contributing to one’s physical and mental well-being.
Sports play a vital role in the enhancement of one’s personality by being a source of exercise and entertainment.
Let us look at the benefits of playing sports.


Benefits of Playing Sports


Sports serve as an excellent physical exercise.
Those who play sports have a more positive body image than those who do not.
Playing sports often involves physical activities like running,
jumping and stretching and moreover a constructive expenditure of energy.
Playing sports since an early age strengthens the bones and muscles and tones one’s body.
Thus sports provide the body with a complete exercise.


Playing sports improves the Math skills in children.
It develops leadership qualities and fosters a team spirit in them.
Sports involve competition; they involve winning and losing.
This exposes the players to both the aspects of life,
successes and failures.
Sports build a competitive spirit in children and teach them to be participative irrespective of whether the participation concludes in a victory or a defeat.
Playing sports teaches a person to accept both successes and failures in a positive spirit.
The most important benefit of playing sports is the sportsman spirit.
Playing sports results in the development of a sportive nature,
which is helpful throughout one’s life.


Playing sports is very beneficial for the development of social skills in a person.
Sports teach a person to interact with people,
act as a team.
They foster collective thinking and develop planning skills in children.
Sports build confidence in children and give them a sense of accomplishment.
Sports thus play a vital role in one’s social well-being.


Playing sports requires the children to plan thoughtfully.
They need to device the best ways to score goals,
the best strategies to win and plan carefully towards victory.
Statistics show that kids involved in sports activities fare well in academics and their school and college activities.


A constructive expenditure of energy that sports bring out is very helpful in keeping a person happy.
Exercise generates happiness molecules in a person’s body,
thus contributing to his/her mental well-being.
Sports generate a positive energy.


Playing sports serves as an excellent exercise,
which has a wide variety of health benefits.
It reduces blood sugar level and reduces the risk of blood cholesterol.
Playing sports decreases the chances of hypertension and several other stress related disorders.
Research has revealed that people who play sports regularly can deal with stresses and strains in life in a better manner.
Depression,
anxiety and other psychological disorders are less probable in people who indulge in sport activities.


How smoking hurts your health


Smoking seriously hurts your lungs:


1.
Smoking damages your lungs’ natural cleaning and repair system and traps cancer-causing chemicals in your lungs.


Smoking destroys the tiny hairs (cilia),
which line the upper airways and protect against infection.
Normally,
there is a thin layer of mucous and thousands of these cilia lining the insides of your breathing tubes.
The mucous traps the little bits of dirt and pollution you breathe in,
and the cilia move together like a wave to push the dirt-filled mucous out of your lungs.
Then you cough,
swallow,
or spit up the mucous,
and the dirt is out of your lungs.


When your lungs’ natural cleaning and repair system is damaged,
germs,
dirt and chemicals from cigarette smoke stay inside your lungs.
This puts you at risk for chronic cough,
chest infections,
lung cancer and COPD.
Learn more about what’s in cigarettes.


2.
Smoking permanently damages the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs,
making it hard to breathe.


The alveoli,
little air sacs at the tips of your lungs,
are built like tiny,
stretchy balloons.
As you breathe in,
your alveoli help you absorb oxygen into your body,
and as you breathe out,
alveoli help get rid of the waste gas carbon dioxide.
(Carbon dioxide is a harmful gas that’s also found in car exhaust fumes.) Smoke damages you lungs so much that your alveoli become less stretchy.
This means it’s harder for your lungs to take in the oxygen you need and harder to get rid of carbon dioxide.
When the alveoli are damaged like this,
you can feel short of breath and tired.
Your heart has to pump much harder to give your body the oxygen it needs.
Over time,
this damage can lead to COPD and heart disease.


Signs of lung damage from smoking


It’s common for smokers to ignore or downplay the symptoms of lung damage:


feeling out of breath when walking up a short flight of stairs


coughing


spitting up mucous


repeat chest infections


These are not signs of aging or simply being out of shape.
These are real signs of the damage that smoking is doing to your lungs.
If you have these signs of smoking damage to your lungs,
see you doctor.
Unless you do something now,
these symptoms will keep getting worse.


Importance of tourism


Tourism,
nowadays is one of the most popular way of spending free time.
It is higly developed in almost all countries,
mainly because of material profits it brings.
But unfortunately,
there is the other side of the coin too,
especially if it comes about foreign tourism.


From educational point of view,
travelling lets people to see world,
other peoples,
culture and traditions.
It is said,
that “traveling broadens” and most people consider,
it does.
At the same time,
tourists who has not wide knowledge about World,
can “see the grass greener


Podobna praca 70%


Advantages and disadvantages of tourism


on the other side of the fence”.
It causes danger of discontent with country that person live in,
what entail complaints and dissatisfaction.


Also economical aspect plays huge role in domestic market economy.
Lot of people works in tourist branch what is often their only source of income.
What is more,
there are some countries – like Malta for example – where tourism is basis of all its revenue.
Howewer,
if all field are tourist-minded,
prices are inflated what is huge drawback for natives.


Thirdly,
tourism can have influence on tourist religious viewpoint.
Seeing place which is some religion root,
surely strengthens pilgrims faith.
On the other hand,
showing ones faith can meet with incomprehension or even contempt.


In my opinion,
tourism is too important for my mental to be stoped,
or even restricted because of mentioned below reasons.
It should be still developing,
and becoming easier to get for more and more people.


Football Popularity


Football is the most popular sport in the world; in South America,
Brasilia,
France,
U.K people play football,
visit football matches,
watch football games on TV and discuss them with friends and read updated football news.
The games of elite football groups attract thousands of people.
For instance,
the capacity of Salt Lake Stadium in India is 120,000 people,
and of Beaver Stadium in U.S.A – 107,282 people.
In World Championship the stadiums are often full,
and many people don’t manage to get tickets in time.


FIFA includes 208 different national federations.
Many countries consider football a part of their national heritage,
and refer to football games as to representative of the country’s national ideas.
Football fans create special magazine,
which presents latest football news and events,
such as transfers of the players,
and of season,
changing of managers and coaches et cetera.
Publishers and editors of fanzines often receive no financial compensation; fanzines are often distributed free of charge or for nominal cost only.


Football popularity often leads to rivalry,
which sometimes develops into hooliganism.
Fights between supporters of different teams usually occur after football matches.
Sometimes football rivalry brings to tragedy on stadiums.
At the mass brawl in May 2007,
hundred Liverpool fans fought each other in Athens,
hoping to get a ticket for the game.
Another tragic event took place at the Hillsborough stadium on April 15,
1989,
causing the death of 96 people.
The unprecedented influx of fans through a narrow tunnel leading to the stadium has caused a major crush.


Football has always maintained a foothold in the fans’ enthusiasm.
Most of the largest stadiums in the world are used for football,
because of its enormous popularity.
One of the main interest in this sport is the football transfer rumours part.
Raising awareness of the violence among football fans might help to reduce the danger of tragedies and save the rightfully owned popularity of the game.


Egypt Tourist Attractions


Looking for flights to Egypt? We will help you book your holiday in Egypt or business trip dates.
While traveling to Egypt with Travour,
you can find the best hotels in Egypt.
We will make your tours to Egypt a memorable experience.


A mosaic of fascinating tourist attractions,
Egypt in Africa offers the discerning traveler the largest open-air museum in the world.
In fact the tourist attractions of Egypt are as old as the origin of civilization.


Enjoy tours to mud-brick villages,
Bedouin camps,
cities and towns of Egypt with Travour and discover mystical Egypt and enjoy the tourist attractions of this ancient land that glitters like a precious jewel on the map of the African continent.


Cairo


Cairo is the capital city of Egypt and welcomes you into a medley of donkey-drawn carts,
luxury cars,
mud brick villages,
modern homes,
ancient culture,
modern trends,
golf courses,
bowling alleys,
happening clubs,
restaurants,
traditional food.


Enjoy tours to Egyptian Antiquities Museum,
Al-Qalaa Citadel,
Coptic Museum,
Museum of Islamic Arts,
Gayer-Anderson Museum,
Mosque of Ibn Tulun,
Mosque at Al-Azhar,
Abdeen Palace Museum,
Abu Sir Pyramids,
Manial Palace Museum and various other tourist attractions that offer you a glimpse into the rich historical tradition of Egypt.


Giza


Giza is among the most important tourist attractions of Egypt and is famous the world over for the Pyramids and the Sphinx.
These monuments have been listed as World Heritage Sites by the UNESCO.


Alexandria


Alexandria is rich in tourist attractions and offers ample opportunity for you to enjoy Egypt.
Tour the historical buildings and church located at Abu Mina,
visit the Sidi Abdel Rahman Beach,
Sidi Kir Beach,
visit the temples and lighthouse at Borg al-Arab,
enjoy tours to the King Mairut Spa on your Egypt travel with Travour.
It was in Alexandria,
Egypt that the first solar calendar was devised in the ancient times.


Water pollution


Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g.
lakes,
rivers,
oceans and groundwater).
Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.


Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water; and,
in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations,
but also to the natural biological communities.


Water pollution is a major global problem.
It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases,[1][2] and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily.[2] An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet,
and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day.[3] Some 90% of China’s cities suffer from some degree of water pollution,[4] and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water.[5] In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries,
industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well.
In the most recent national report on water quality in the United States,
45 percent of assessed stream miles,
47 percent of assessed lake acres,
and 32 percent of assessed bay and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted.[6]

Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use,
such as drinking water,
and/or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its constituent biotic communities,
such as fish.
Natural phenomena such as volcanoes,
algae blooms,
storms,
and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water.


Unemployment


Unemployment,
as defined by the International Labour Organization,
occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively looked for work within the past four weeks.[2] The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labour force.


There remains considerable theoretical debate regarding the causes,
consequences and solutions for unemployment.
Classical,
neoclassical and the Austrian School of economics focus on market mechanisms and rely on the invisible hand of the market to resolve unemployment.[citation needed] These theories argue against interventions imposed on the labour market from the outside,
such as unionization,
minimum wage laws,
taxes,
and other regulations that they claim discourage the hiring of workers.
Keynesian economics emphasizes the cyclical nature of unemployment and potential interventions to reduce unemployment during recessions.
These arguments focus on recurrent supply shocks that suddenly reduce aggregate demand for goods and services and thus reduce demand for workers.
Keynesian models recommend government interventions designed to increase demand for workers; these can include financial stimuli,
job creation,
and expansionist monetary policies.
Marxism focuses on the relations between the controlling owners and the subordinated proletariat whom the owners pit against one another in a constant struggle for jobs and higher wages.
This struggle and the unemployment it produces benefit the system by reducing wage costs for the owners.
For Marxists the causes of and solutions to unemployment require abolishing capitalism and shifting to socialism or communism.


In addition to these three comprehensive theories of unemployment,
there are a few types of unemployment that are used to more precisely model the effects of unemployment within the economic system.
The main types of unemployment include structural unemployment which focuses on structural problems in the economy and inefficiencies inherent in labour markets including a mismatch between the supply and demand of laborers with necessary skill sets.
Structural arguments emphasize causes and solutions related to disruptive technologies and globalization.
Discussions of frictional unemployment focus on voluntary decisions to work based on each individuals’ valuation of their own work and how that compares to current wage rates plus the time and effort required to find a job.
Causes and solutions for frictional unemployment often address barriers to entry and wage rates.
Behavioral economists highlight individual biases in decision making and often involve problems and solutions concerning sticky wages and efficiency wages.

 


بحث عن اهمية التعليم بالانجليزيه ،

بحث علمي كامل جاهز عن اهمية التعليم ( انجليزي )

Importance Of Education


Education is the process of learning and knowing,
which is not restricted to our school text-books.
It is a holistic process and continues through our life.
Even the regular happenings and events around us educate us,
in one or the other way.
It would not be an exaggeration to say that the existence of human beings is fruitless without education.
An educated person has the ability to change the world,
as he/she is brimming with confidence and assured of making the right moves.
The article dwells on the importance of education in our lives.
Read on to know what meaning it holds for all of us.


Significance Of Education In Our Life


Makes Better Citizens


Education makes a worthy contribution to our lives,
by making us responsible citizens.
We get to know our history and culture through education and imbibe those values.
Education opens our mind and expands our horizon.
It enables us to understand our duties as a citizen and encourages us to follow them.
There is no denying the fact that an educated person is a better citizen.


Ensures A Productive Future


Education is futuristic in character,
in so far that it ensures that the one who receives good education gets a secure future.
Our productivity is increased by acquiring new skills and talents through education.
We find ourselves in the most competitive jobs,
courtesy the right training and education.
The importance of education is evident by the dizzy heights we achieve in life.


Playing sports is one of the favorite activities of most of us.
Apart from being a fun activity,
sports offer several health benefits,
thus contributing to one’s physical and mental well-being.
Sports play a vital role in the enhancement of one’s personality by being a source of exercise and entertainment.
Let us look at the benefits of playing sports.


Benefits of Playing Sports


Sports serve as an excellent physical exercise.
Those who play sports have a more positive body image than those who do not.
Playing sports often involves physical activities like running,
jumping and stretching and moreover a constructive expenditure of energy.
Playing sports since an early age strengthens the bones and muscles and tones one’s body.
Thus sports provide the body with a complete exercise.


Playing sports improves the Math skills in children.
It develops leadership qualities and fosters a team spirit in them.
Sports involve competition; they involve winning and losing.
This exposes the players to both the aspects of life,
successes and failures.
Sports build a competitive spirit in children and teach them to be participative irrespective of whether the participation concludes in a victory or a defeat.
Playing sports teaches a person to accept both successes and failures in a positive spirit.
The most important benefit of playing sports is the sportsman spirit.
Playing sports results in the development of a sportive nature,
which is helpful throughout one’s life.


Playing sports is very beneficial for the development of social skills in a person.
Sports teach a person to interact with people,
act as a team.
They foster collective thinking and develop planning skills in children.
Sports build confidence in children and give them a sense of accomplishment.
Sports thus play a vital role in one’s social well-being.


Playing sports requires the children to plan thoughtfully.
They need to device the best ways to score goals,
the best strategies to win and plan carefully towards victory.
Statistics show that kids involved in sports activities fare well in academics and their school and college activities.


A constructive expenditure of energy that sports bring out is very helpful in keeping a person happy.
Exercise generates happiness molecules in a person’s body,
thus contributing to his/her mental well-being.
Sports generate a positive energy.


Playing sports serves as an excellent exercise,
which has a wide variety of health benefits.
It reduces blood sugar level and reduces the risk of blood cholesterol.
Playing sports decreases the chances of hypertension and several other stress related disorders.
Research has revealed that people who play sports regularly can deal with stresses and strains in life in a better manner.
Depression,
anxiety and other psychological disorders are less probable in people who indulge in sport activities.


How smoking hurts your health


Smoking seriously hurts your lungs:


1.
Smoking damages your lungs’ natural cleaning and repair system and traps cancer-causing chemicals in your lungs.


Smoking destroys the tiny hairs (cilia),
which line the upper airways and protect against infection.
Normally,
there is a thin layer of mucous and thousands of these cilia lining the insides of your breathing tubes.
The mucous traps the little bits of dirt and pollution you breathe in,
and the cilia move together like a wave to push the dirt-filled mucous out of your lungs.
Then you cough,
swallow,
or spit up the mucous,
and the dirt is out of your lungs.


When your lungs’ natural cleaning and repair system is damaged,
germs,
dirt and chemicals from cigarette smoke stay inside your lungs.
This puts you at risk for chronic cough,
chest infections,
lung cancer and COPD.
Learn more about what’s in cigarettes.


2.
Smoking permanently damages the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs,
making it hard to breathe.


The alveoli,
little air sacs at the tips of your lungs,
are built like tiny,
stretchy balloons.
As you breathe in,
your alveoli help you absorb oxygen into your body,
and as you breathe out,
alveoli help get rid of the waste gas carbon dioxide.
(Carbon dioxide is a harmful gas that’s also found in car exhaust fumes.) Smoke damages you lungs so much that your alveoli become less stretchy.
This means it’s harder for your lungs to take in the oxygen you need and harder to get rid of carbon dioxide.
When the alveoli are damaged like this,
you can feel short of breath and tired.
Your heart has to pump much harder to give your body the oxygen it needs.
Over time,
this damage can lead to COPD and heart disease.


Signs of lung damage from smoking


It’s common for smokers to ignore or downplay the symptoms of lung damage:


feeling out of breath when walking up a short flight of stairs


coughing


spitting up mucous


repeat chest infections


These are not signs of aging or simply being out of shape.
These are real signs of the damage that smoking is doing to your lungs.
If you have these signs of smoking damage to your lungs,
see you doctor.
Unless you do something now,
these symptoms will keep getting worse.


Importance of tourism


Tourism,
nowadays is one of the most popular way of spending free time.
It is higly developed in almost all countries,
mainly because of material profits it brings.
But unfortunately,
there is the other side of the coin too,
especially if it comes about foreign tourism.


From educational point of view,
travelling lets people to see world,
other peoples,
culture and traditions.
It is said,
that “traveling broadens” and most people consider,
it does.
At the same time,
tourists who has not wide knowledge about World,
can “see the grass greener


Podobna praca 70%


Advantages and disadvantages of tourism


on the other side of the fence”.
It causes danger of discontent with country that person live in,
what entail complaints and dissatisfaction.


Also economical aspect plays huge role in domestic market economy.
Lot of people works in tourist branch what is often their only source of income.
What is more,
there are some countries – like Malta for example – where tourism is basis of all its revenue.
Howewer,
if all field are tourist-minded,
prices are inflated what is huge drawback for natives.


Thirdly,
tourism can have influence on tourist religious viewpoint.
Seeing place which is some religion root,
surely strengthens pilgrims faith.
On the other hand,
showing ones faith can meet with incomprehension or even contempt.


In my opinion,
tourism is too important for my mental to be stoped,
or even restricted because of mentioned below reasons.
It should be still developing,
and becoming easier to get for more and more people.


Football Popularity


Football is the most popular sport in the world; in South America,
Brasilia,
France,
U.K people play football,
visit football matches,
watch football games on TV and discuss them with friends and read updated football news.
The games of elite football groups attract thousands of people.
For instance,
the capacity of Salt Lake Stadium in India is 120,000 people,
and of Beaver Stadium in U.S.A – 107,282 people.
In World Championship the stadiums are often full,
and many people don’t manage to get tickets in time.


FIFA includes 208 different national federations.
Many countries consider football a part of their national heritage,
and refer to football games as to representative of the country’s national ideas.
Football fans create special magazine,
which presents latest football news and events,
such as transfers of the players,
and of season,
changing of managers and coaches et cetera.
Publishers and editors of fanzines often receive no financial compensation; fanzines are often distributed free of charge or for nominal cost only.


Football popularity often leads to rivalry,
which sometimes develops into hooliganism.
Fights between supporters of different teams usually occur after football matches.
Sometimes football rivalry brings to tragedy on stadiums.
At the mass brawl in May 2007,
hundred Liverpool fans fought each other in Athens,
hoping to get a ticket for the game.
Another tragic event took place at the Hillsborough stadium on April 15,
1989,
causing the death of 96 people.
The unprecedented influx of fans through a narrow tunnel leading to the stadium has caused a major crush.


Football has always maintained a foothold in the fans’ enthusiasm.
Most of the largest stadiums in the world are used for football,
because of its enormous popularity.
One of the main interest in this sport is the football transfer rumours part.
Raising awareness of the violence among football fans might help to reduce the danger of tragedies and save the rightfully owned popularity of the game.


Egypt Tourist Attractions


Looking for flights to Egypt? We will help you book your holiday in Egypt or business trip dates.
While traveling to Egypt with Travour,
you can find the best hotels in Egypt.
We will make your tours to Egypt a memorable experience.


A mosaic of fascinating tourist attractions,
Egypt in Africa offers the discerning traveler the largest open-air museum in the world.
In fact the tourist attractions of Egypt are as old as the origin of civilization.


Enjoy tours to mud-brick villages,
Bedouin camps,
cities and towns of Egypt with Travour and discover mystical Egypt and enjoy the tourist attractions of this ancient land that glitters like a precious jewel on the map of the African continent.


Cairo


Cairo is the capital city of Egypt and welcomes you into a medley of donkey-drawn carts,
luxury cars,
mud brick villages,
modern homes,
ancient culture,
modern trends,
golf courses,
bowling alleys,
happening clubs,
restaurants,
traditional food.


Enjoy tours to Egyptian Antiquities Museum,
Al-Qalaa Citadel,
Coptic Museum,
Museum of Islamic Arts,
Gayer-Anderson Museum,
Mosque of Ibn Tulun,
Mosque at Al-Azhar,
Abdeen Palace Museum,
Abu Sir Pyramids,
Manial Palace Museum and various other tourist attractions that offer you a glimpse into the rich historical tradition of Egypt.


Giza


Giza is among the most important tourist attractions of Egypt and is famous the world over for the Pyramids and the Sphinx.
These monuments have been listed as World Heritage Sites by the UNESCO.


Alexandria


Alexandria is rich in tourist attractions and offers ample opportunity for you to enjoy Egypt.
Tour the historical buildings and church located at Abu Mina,
visit the Sidi Abdel Rahman Beach,
Sidi Kir Beach,
visit the temples and lighthouse at Borg al-Arab,
enjoy tours to the King Mairut Spa on your Egypt travel with Travour.
It was in Alexandria,
Egypt that the first solar calendar was devised in the ancient times.


Water pollution


Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g.
lakes,
rivers,
oceans and groundwater).
Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.


Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water; and,
in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations,
but also to the natural biological communities.


Water pollution is a major global problem.
It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases,[1][2] and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily.[2] An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet,
and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day.[3] Some 90% of China’s cities suffer from some degree of water pollution,[4] and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water.[5] In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries,
industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well.
In the most recent national report on water quality in the United States,
45 percent of assessed stream miles,
47 percent of assessed lake acres,
and 32 percent of assessed bay and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted.[6]

Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use,
such as drinking water,
and/or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its constituent biotic communities,
such as fish.
Natural phenomena such as volcanoes,
algae blooms,
storms,
and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water.


Unemployment


Unemployment,
as defined by the International Labour Organization,
occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively looked for work within the past four weeks.[2] The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labour force.


There remains considerable theoretical debate regarding the causes,
consequences and solutions for unemployment.
Classical,
neoclassical and the Austrian School of economics focus on market mechanisms and rely on the invisible hand of the market to resolve unemployment.[citation needed] These theories argue against interventions imposed on the labour market from the outside,
such as unionization,
minimum wage laws,
taxes,
and other regulations that they claim discourage the hiring of workers.
Keynesian economics emphasizes the cyclical nature of unemployment and potential interventions to reduce unemployment during recessions.
These arguments focus on recurrent supply shocks that suddenly reduce aggregate demand for goods and services and thus reduce demand for workers.
Keynesian models recommend government interventions designed to increase demand for workers; these can include financial stimuli,
job creation,
and expansionist monetary policies.
Marxism focuses on the relations between the controlling owners and the subordinated proletariat whom the owners pit against one another in a constant struggle for jobs and higher wages.
This struggle and the unemployment it produces benefit the system by reducing wage costs for the owners.
For Marxists the causes of and solutions to unemployment require abolishing capitalism and shifting to socialism or communism.


In addition to these three comprehensive theories of unemployment,
there are a few types of unemployment that are used to more precisely model the effects of unemployment within the economic system.
The main types of unemployment include structural unemployment which focuses on structural problems in the economy and inefficiencies inherent in labour markets including a mismatch between the supply and demand of laborers with necessary skill sets.
Structural arguments emphasize causes and solutions related to disruptive technologies and globalization.
Discussions of frictional unemployment focus on voluntary decisions to work based on each individuals’ valuation of their own work and how that compares to current wage rates plus the time and effort required to find a job.
Causes and solutions for frictional unemployment often address barriers to entry and wage rates.
Behavioral economists highlight individual biases in decision making and often involve problems and solutions concerning sticky wages and efficiency wages.

  • مقال عن التعليم بالانجليزي


مقال انجليزي عن التعليم